The formation of a desirable civil society possesses important functions such as reducing social and political conflicts, preventing unilateralism, and limiting the sphere of influence and aggression of the state in societal affairs. The most important civil institutions in Iran can be divided into four groups: semi-governmental civil organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), Islamic councils of cities and villages, and political parties. The majority of member individuals belong to closed institutions and social institutions such as religious Hay’āt (delegations/bodies). The main question of the present research is: What obstacles do the grounds for the realization of civil society in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran face? The research method was descriptive-analytical, and the results indicate that many of the foundations and grounds for the creation and expansion of civil society—such as citizenship rights, support for the formation of parties and holding gatherings, attention to the people's right to sovereignty and creating the ground for their participation in their social destiny, as well as the emphasis on fighting autocracy and totalitarianism of the state—have been attended to by the constitutional legislator. The ambiguous and limited interpretation of Constitutional principles, the supervision and control of the government and state over Constitutional principles, the non-existence of powerful civil institutions, non-governmental organizations, and popular formations, the shortage of free and independent media, and the structure of the rentier state are what allow statesmen to obstruct the creation of civil gatherings and formations. The Constitution ruling over Iran has emphasized the creation of many of the foundations for the realization and expansion of civil society; however, due to certain limitations as well as certain economic and social structures, the realization of a desirable civil society in Iran faces many obstacles. Public media, too, mainly due to the need for government financial support, do not fulfill their role in the enlightenment and dissemination of public opinion and possess a less critical approach toward the government and officials.