This article analyzes the structure of power distribution in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the political thought of Ayatollah Dr. Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Beheshti. Rather than relying solely on theoretical or legal approaches, which often remain at the level of conceptual description or prescription, this research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology, drawing on interdisciplinary models adapted from physics and engineering—particularly the Political Reynolds Number and the concept of prestressing. The aim is to present an innovative and practical framework for engineering the architecture of power within Iran’s distinct socio-political landscape.

Findings indicate that, in Beheshti’s framework, the ideal power structure is built upon three main pillars. The first is religious leadership and the institution of the Supreme Jurist (Velayat-e Faqih), which act as the axis of unity and moral guidance, fostering cohesion and purpose. The second is the separation and interaction of powers to prevent concentration of authority, enhance transparency and efficiency, and ensure accountability across governance levels. The third is the genuine participation of citizens and elites through political parties and intermediary institutions, guaranteeing the system’s dynamism, legitimacy, and regeneration, while also strengthening social capital.

The article’s originality is in its use of scientific metaphors and interdisciplinary models to analyze the dynamics of party politics, the interplay of transformative and inhibitory forces, and the connection between intermediary organizations and the broader power structure. The proposed three-layered model is inspired by Islamic principles and responsive to Iran’s social realities. Thus, it not only strengthens the system’s resilience and capacity for internal reform but also provides a practical roadmap for advancing religious democracy, nurturing committed elites, and boosting problem-solving capacity in response to the complex challenges facing Iranian society today.

Ultimately, the research shows that successful realization of this model requires attention to cultural and institutional factors and an increased level of political participation and public awareness, paving the way for sustainable transformation and active engagement by future generations.