Educational programs play a significant role in institutionalizing the values of the prevailing ideology. Thus, the primary aim of this research is to examine the components of political modernization in civic education textbooks of high schools during the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan's rule from 2001 to 2021. The main question is: What role did civic education textbooks play in institutionalizing the components of political modernization? The hypothesis posits that to achieve a new society and a new human as the most important result of modernization in general, and political modernization in particular, educational institutions, educational programs, and textbooks are of special importance. The components of political modernization are well reflected in civic education textbooks. Content and descriptive-analytical methods were used to answer the research question, and library tools and scientific articles were used for data collection. The research findings highlighted components of modernization, such as political participation, democracy, gender equality, human rights, and press freedom, in civic education textbooks.However, there were no foundations for the continuation of these components:insecurity, irrational political culture, gender inequality, and a crisis of authority were among the factors that prevented the emergence of a new human and society as a result of modernization in Afghanistan.