Transcendent Policy

Transcendent Policy

The phenomenology of Saqifah as a political matter (Studying the structure of power distribution in Saqifa)

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Abdul Majid moballeghi
Research Center for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran; and Member of the Association for Political Studies
10.22034/sm.2019.37449
Abstract
The present study aims to find out how Saqifah founded the caliphate on a shaky basis with no ultimate stability. In this regard, using a phenomenological and with a descriptive-analytical approach, the historical context of Saqifah in the Quraish tribal structure, the pattern of distribution of power and achieving agreement in Saqifah, and the historical consequences of Saqifah are studied. The results showed that based on the return of power system to tribal-based system, Saqifah had a dual function. In the short term (Sheikhs era), it led to transfer of power in Quraysh, from Abd-Manafis to the marginalized sub-tribes; and in the long term (from the Ottoman Caliphate to the end of the Abbasids), it stabilized the dominance of Quraysh as a theme of caliphate in a new template (no binding to coalition) but In an old theme (Abd-Manafis were in center of the power), in the post-Islamic era. After Saqifah, firstly two Shiite discourses (critical to status quo and advocate of reforming the caliphate) and Qurayshi emerged (defending the caliphate built on the tribal coalition), and then from the Ottoman era, the Umayyad discourse (inspired by the Persian-Roman imperial structures, based on Arabic background) emerged. Eventually Imam Ali (pbuh) adopted the policy of postponement and resignation after Saqifah. According to this policy, working with the caliphate did not mean accepting it; it was effective in identifying Shiites as a dissident and different group.
Keywords
Saqifah
Tribalism
Quraysh
Hashemis
Umayyad
Power distribution
Khalifate
  1. ابن‌‌حنبل، احمد (بی‌تا). مسند احمد. بیروت: دار صادر.
  2. ابن ابی‌‌الحدید، عبدالحمید (1404ق). شرح نهج‌‌البلاغه. قم: مکتبه آیت‌‌الله‌‌العظمی مرعشی النجفی.
  3. ابن عبدالبر، یوسف بن عبدالله (1387). التمهید. مغرب: وزاره عموم الأوقاف و الشؤون الإسلامیة.
  4. ابن قتیبه، عبدالله بن مسلم (1410ق). الامامة و السیاسه. بیروت: دار الاضواء.
  5. ابن مسکویه، احمد بن‌‌محمد (1379). تجارب الأمم. تهران: دار سروش للطباعة و النشر.
  6. ابن‌‌اثیر، علی بن محمد (1966م). الکامل فی التاریخ. بیروت: دار صادر للطباعة و النشر؛ دار بیروت للطباعة و النشر.
  7. ابن‌‌اسحاق، محمد (1396ق). سیره ابن‌‌اسحاق. مغرب: معهد الدراسات و الأبحاث للتعریب.
  8. ابن‌‌سعد، محمد بن سعد (1410ق). الطبقات الکبری. بیروت: دارالکتب العلمیه (منشورات محمدعلی بیضون).
  9. ابن‌‌هشام، عبدالملک (1963م). السیره النبویه. القاهره: مکتبة محمدعلی صبیح و أولاده بمصر.

10. بغدادی، محمد بن‌‌حبیب (بی‌تا). المنمق فی اخبار القریش. (نسخه خطی).

11. شریف رضی، محمد بن‌‌حسین (بی‌تا). نهج‌‌البلاغه. با شرح محمد عبده. قاهره: مطبعه الاستقامه.

12. مبلغی، عبدالمجید (1393). معرفت‌‌شناسی پدیدارشناسانه‌ی اصطلاحات علوم سیاسی در مطالعات دینی. سیاست متعالیه، شماره 5: ص82-61.

13. واقدی، محمد بن‌‌عمر (1405ق). المغازی. قم: نشر دانش اسلامی.

14. یعقوبی، احمد بن‌‌اسحاق (بی‌تا). تاریخ یعقوبی. بیروت: دار صادر.

15. Husserl, Edmund (1970). The crisis of European sciences and transcendental phenomenology: an introduction to phenomenological philosophy. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.

16. Ismael, Tareq Y. ; Ismael, Jacqueline S. & Perry, Glenn  (2015). Government and Politics of the Contemporary Middle East: Continuity and Change. New York: Routledge.

17. Pietersma, Henry (2000). Phenomenological epistemology. New York: Oxford University Press.

18. Silverstein, Adam J. ; Stroumsa, Guy G. & Blidstein, Moshe (2015). The Oxford Hanndbook of Abrahamic Religions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

 

 

Transcendent Policy
Volume 7, Issue 25
Summer 2019
Pages 107-124