Assessing the Contexts Affecting the Financial Costs of Parliamentary Elections in Iran and its Consequences (Case Study: Tenth Election of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Rasht)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

2 PhD. Student, Department of Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/sm.2021.532442.1718

Abstract

This study investigates the factors affecting the financial costs of the Islamic Consultative Assembly elections and its consequences on the democratic process. In this regard, the financial expenses of the candidates of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of the tenth election of Rasht city were examined. The research method was the survey, and two questionnaires and semi-in-depth interviews were used. The study's statistical population was all citizens over the age of 20 living in Rasht, whose number is approximately equal to 625,500 people. Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample size, and the sample size was 384 people. The results showed that the most important factors influencing the methods of financing parliamentary elections in Iran are voters 'political knowledge, citizen's relationship with the representative, citizens' attitudes toward the type of electoral system, number, and variety of sponsors and their motives, type of political system and status. Economic community. Almost 95% of the respondents emphasized that the short-term interests of the citizens, especially their sponsors, prevail over other matters and that there is a kind of institutionalized supportive relationship. The findings also suggest that current laws should be reviewed, and the experiences of other countries should be used to reduce the adverse consequences of financing and spending political money.

Keywords

References

احمدوند، شجاع؛ صابرماهانی، فردوس (1394). درآمدی مقایسه‌ای بر منابع مالی تبلیغات انتخاباتی (مطالعه نظام‌های انتخاباتی ایران، فرانسه، روسیه و آمریکا. پژوهش حقوق عمومی، 17(49): ص9-35.
اطاعت، جواد (1387). ماهیت دولت در ایران (6). اطلاعات سیاسی- اقتصادی، 22(250-249): ص68-79.
جدی، حسین (1398). بررسی تأثیر ساختار جمهوری اسلامی ایران بر ساختار سیاسی آن با تأکید بر فرایند مردم‌سالاری. سیاست متعالیه، 7(25): ص195- 212.
درستی، هاجر (1393). آسیب‌شناسی تبلیغات انتخابات مجلس شورای اسلامی در پرتو اصول حقوقی حاکم بر تبلیغات. مجلس و راهبرد، 21(80): ص89-110.
دورماگن، ژان- ایو؛ موشار، دانیل (1393). مبانی جامعه‌‌شناسی سیاسی. ترجمه عبدالحسین نیک گهر. تهران: آگه.
زمانی‌زاده، مصطفی (1398). نظام مطلوب تأمین مالی کارزارهای انتخاباتی در ایران در پرتو معیارهای بین‌المللی. مطالعات حقوق تطبیقی، 10(2): ص467-483.
شریف‌زاده، محسن (1395). رفتار انتخاباتی مردم ایران. تهران: شرکت سهامی انتشار.
مرکز آمار ایران (1395). گزیده نتایج سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن سال 1395. تهران: مرکز آمار ایران.
ملکی، علی (1399). مبانی مشارکت سیاسی در جمهوری اسلامی ایران. سیاست متعالیه، 8(30): ص187-206.
میرزائی راجعونی، سلیمان (1399). جامعه‌شناسی سیاسی. تهران: انتشارات لویه، ج2.
Ansolabehere, S., Shanto Iyengar, A.S. & Valentino, N. (1994). Does Attack Advertising Demobilize the Electorate?’ The American Political Science Review, 88)4(: P.829-838.
Baktiari, B. (1996). Parliamentary politics in revolutionary Iran: The institutionalization of factional politics. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
Bermeo, N. (2017). On democratic backsliding. Journal of Democracy, 27(1): P. 5-19.
Blaydes, L. (2011). Elections and distributive politics in Mubarak’s Egypt. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Evans, T.A. (2007). An Empirical Test of Why Incumbents Adopt Campaign Spending Limits. Public Choice, 132(3-4): P.437-456.
Gerber, A. (2000). Estimating the Effect of Campaign Spending on Senate Election Outcomes Using Instrumental Variables. The American Political Science Review, 92: P. 401-411.
Green, D.P. & Krasno, J.S. (1988). Salvation for the Spendthrift Incumbent: Reestimating the Effects of Campaign Spending in House Elections. American Journal of Political Science, 32(4): P.884-907.
Hogan, R.E. (2013). Campaign Spending and Voter Participation in State Legislative Elections. Social Science Quarterly, 94(3): P.840–864.
Jacobson, G.C. (1985). Money and Votes Reconsidered: Congressional Elections1972–1982. Public Choice, 47(1): P.7-62.
Johnson, J.W. (2012). Campaign Spending in Proportional Electoral Systems: Incumbents Versus Challengers Revisited. Comparative Political Studies, 46(8): P. 968-993.
Kaid, L.L. & Holtz-Bach, Ch. (ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of political communication. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Keefer, P. & Razvan, V. (2017). Vote Buying and Campaign Promises. Journal of Comparative Economics. DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2017.07.001.
La Raja Raymond, J. & Schaffner, B.F. (2015). Campaign Finance and Political Polarization: When Purists Prevail. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Langsæther, P.E. (2019). Cleavage Politics in the 21 st Century: How and why social background affects political preferences. PhD. Thesis. Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo.
Manza, J., Brooks, C. & Sauder, M. (2005). Money, Participation and Votes: Social Cleavages and Electoral Politics. In: The Handbook of Political Sociology States, Civil Societies, and Globalization. Publisher: Cambridge University Pres, P.201-226.
Odera, L.C. (2011). Citizen-Politician Linkages in the Informal Sector in Kenya: When are Politicians Most Likely to be Responsive to Citizens? Paper prepared for APSA annual meeting, Seattle: P.1-4.
Ohman, M. (2013). Controlling money in politics. An introduction. Speech for international Foundation For electoral system (IFES) Washington D.C.
Ovwasa, O.L. (2013). Money Politics and Vote Buying in Nigeria: The Bane of Good. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(7): P.99-106.
Parsa, M. (2016). Democracy in Iran: why it failed and how it might succeed. Harvard University Press.
Raisi, A. (2020). Electoral Participation in Iran’s Parliamentary Politics: Between Two Competing Explanations. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Schaffer, F.Ch. (2007). Clean Elections and the Great Unwashed: Vote Buying and Voter Education in the Philippines. School of social science. Institute for advanced study. Princeton. NJ.
Streb, M.J. & Frederick B. (2011). When Money Cannot Encourage Participation: Campaign Spending and Rolloff in Low Visibility Judicial Elections. Political Behavior, 33(4): P.565-584.
Transcendent Policy
Volume 9, Issue 35
May 2021
Pages 228-209

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics