نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Deterrence, as one of the survival strategies in the contemporary world, is influenced by the defensive thought framework of each nation's policymakers and evolved into a significant foreign policy strategy for states through weapons development, becoming one of the most effective tools of 20th-century foreign policy; indeed, deterrence constituted the most effective instrument of Cold War foreign policy, preventing direct conflict between the two poles while ensuring stability maintenance. The deterrence strategy has continually evolved, and in the modern era, having undergone five evolutionary waves, it has progressively advanced toward complexity. One manifestation of this complexity emerged during the fourth wave with the entry of value-oriented state and non-state actors into the international arena, which again highlighted religion's role and importance in shaping international developments. These transformations—marked by the Islamic Revolution's emergence and the establishment of an Islamic state based on transcendent jurisprudential values (fiqhī)—sought to present a distinct deterrence strategy in the current era; accordingly, a fundamental and contentious assumption within deterrence theory concerns the issue of rationality in deterrence strategy. Thus, the primary research question is: What are the characteristics of religious rationality centered on the Shiite school in deterrence? Employing a descriptive-analytical method, findings indicate that deterrence within religious rationality has always been grounded in the convention of the rational (banāʾ ʿuqalāʾ) and regulated by scriptural legal (sharīʿah) stipulations—such that prudent understanding in religious thought constitutes a holistic rationality concerned with both worldly and otherworldly affairs, decreeing that humans must not settle for material gains nor remain confined within self-foundational rationality that perceives only matter and material human relations. The rationality in conventional deterrence theories prioritizes power, resulting
in power-based security; consequently, those possessing power secure safety, while the powerless face subjugation or annihilation, leaving no room for justice and equality—these represent corruptions (fasād) in deterrence. Conversely, Shiite rationality is transcendence-oriented, recognizing ultimate objectives to obligate repelling probable harm (wujūb-i dafʿ-ḍarar-i muḥtamal) from the self; accordingly, it formulates policies for confronting enemies by weighing interests (maṣāliḥ) and corruptions (mafāsid), with the ultimate aim of establishing a deterrence system based on security provision and creating conditions for reviving truth and justice (iḥyā-yi kalimat-i ḥaqq va ʿadālat).
کلیدواژهها English
