نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
The two-year period of the marjaʿiyyah (religious authority) of Āyatollāh Ḥakīm coincided with the consolidation of power by the Baʿth Party and the imposition of structural pressures on the Ḥawzah ʿIlmiyyah of Najaf. This period culminated in a struggle for power between the Baʿth Party and the marjaʿiyyah institution. Elucidating the conditions of this turbulent and tense era is important in that it illustrates how Āyatollāh Ḥakīm, as the leader of the Islamic community, confronted a ruling structure born of a coup d’état and a series of crises—an approach that in turn laid the groundwork for the activities of both traditionalist and revolutionary actors after him, and shaped the development of his political thought and conduct. Given the significance of the marjaʿiyyah in the Shīʿī context and its impacts on the Islamic world and its interactions with surrounding ideologies—especially rival ideologies such as liberalism and Marxism—this study aims to analyze the political behavior of Āyatollāh Ḥakīm and its consequences on Iraq's sociopolitical trajectories using the structure–agency framework. Moreover, through the application of Spragens’ theory of crisis, the paper examines the political thought of Āyatollāh Ḥakīm and his mode of political engagement during Iraq’s critical events. Āyatollāh Ḥakīm may be characterized as a marjaʿ possessing deeply rooted traditional foundations within the Ḥawzah ʿIlmiyyah of Najaf. He rejected clerical governance and displayed no inclination to expand the political wilāyah (guardianship) of the jurist. Rather, he utilized the institutional influence of the marjaʿiyyah to advance his gradualist reform project. When confronted with a rigid and repressive structure like the Baʿth Party, he adopted a strategy of negative resistance and refrained from direct confrontation or efforts to overthrow the regime.
کلیدواژهها English
