نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
Numerous studies analyzing the positions of various political and social groups concerning the Islamic Revolution have categorized the clergy and seminaries into three groups: political activists, political abstainers, and political avoiders. These classifications often rely on the stances of certain religious authorities and scholars during the revolutionary period, suggesting that the revolutionary movement within the seminaries was confined to a small circle around Imam Khomeini. Due to frequent repetition, such categorizations have become presumptive in more recent research, albeit with minor terminological variations. However, a review of the actions undertaken by seminaries—particularly the prominent Shi'a seminaries in Qom, Najaf, Mashhad, and Tehran—and their leading Marājiʿ (sources of emulation) from 1963 to 1979 reveals substantial political engagement and both direct and indirect influence on the revolution's success. This study aims to critique the "political abstention of the seminary" hypothesis by demonstrating that the majority of seminarians and grand religious authorities were significantly active in political spheres. Through content analysis of documents and cross-referencing with oral history sources, the study assesses the quantity and quality of the Marājiʿ's positions and actions during the revolutionary activities. Findings indicate that, aside from a few passive individuals, most clerics engaged in political activism through various methods and rhetoric, challenging the validity of categorizing them as politically abstinent or avoidant.
کلیدواژهها English
