نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
The aim of this research is to examine the views of Iranian thinkers regarding the political status of women, with an emphasis on the discourses of Mirzā-ye Nāʾīnī and Shahīd Beheshtī. Within a descriptive-analytical framework and using the discourse analysis method of Laclau and Mouffe, this study seeks to answer the question: What are the foundations of the political status of women in the discourses of these two thinkers? The results indicate that Mirzā-ye Nāʾīnī sought to present his discourse in accordance with new relations, principles, and regulations, while considering the foundations of Islam and the public welfare of the people. His discourse, which stood in opposition to the traditional pre-constitutional approach and the instrumental view of women in modern thought, stabilized its foundations by adopting modernist ideas rooted in law, human equality, and the active role of both men and women in shaping their political and social destiny. During the Islamic Revolution, Shahīd Beheshtī, who rejected traditional prejudices, Pahlavi modernism, and disregard for religious identity as "the other," believed in the natural rights of all humans. Based on religious principles and considering contemporary exigencies, he positioned women as equals to men, not as inferior. In fact, Iran's encounter with the discourse of modernism led thinkers like Nāʾīnī during the Constitutional period and Beheshtī during the Revolution to, through tools such as ijtihād (independent reasoning), internalize many of the signifiers of modern discourse—such as gender equality and women's social participation in various political and social activities—and reframe them within an Islamic identity. Despite the similarities in their views on women, particularly regarding concepts like freedom within the framework of Sharīʿa, ḥijāb, and other matters, a clear distinction can be observed. Nāʾīnī, considering the political and social conditions of the time, where democratic demands were at the forefront for constitutionalists, treated the issue of women as a secondary concern, alongside other topics, and did not focus on it independently. However, in Beheshtī's discourse, which was specifically shaped by the revolutionary conditions and the emergence of a fiqhi Islamic framework after the revolution, a new perspective emerged from within the traditional discourse. This perspective, while recognizing and emphasizing various dimensions of women's activism, analyzed the issue in practical terms. In contrast, Nāʾīnī's discourse, due to the continuation of traditional structures in post-constitutional Iran and the lack of fundamental reforms regarding women, remained dominated by pre-constitutional traditional discourse.
کلیدواژهها English
